Article 32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part

(1) The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed. (2) The Supreme Court shall have power to issue directions or orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, whichever may be appropriate, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by this Part. (3) Without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Supreme Court by clauses (1) and (2), Parliament article 39‖ (w.e.f. 3-1-1977). Section 4 has been declared invalid by the Supreme Court in Minerva Mills Ltd. and others Vs. Union of India and others (1980) s. 2, AIR 1980 SC 1789. 7. In Kesavananda Bharati Vs. the State of Kerala (1973). AIR 1973 SC 1461, the Supreme Court had held the provisions in italics to be invalid. may by law empower any other court to exercise within the local limits of its jurisdiction all or any of the powers exercisable by the Supreme Court under clause (2). (4) The right guaranteed by this article shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for by this Constitution. Note: 1. Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1968 (53 of 1968), s. 4, for ―Madras‖ (w.e.f. 14-1-1969). Note: 2. Ins. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3 (with retrospective effect). Note: 3. Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 5 (w.e.f. 18-6-1951). Note: 4. Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3. (w.e.f. 20-4-1972). Note: 5. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 4, for ―the principles specified in clause (b) or clause (c) of Note: 6. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 8 for ―article 14, article 19 or article 31‖ (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). Note: 8. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 5 (w.e.f. 3-1-1977).